

In the course of the film it becomes increasingly difficult to differ between reality, dream, memory and video footage. Lost Highway is maybe the prime example of the Lynchian narration. Instead, most of his films have an open narrative, following the principle of the so-called Möbius strip. By deconstructing space and time, the inner logic of the story and the chronology of the plot, Lynch ignores everything David Bordwell would define as part of classical film narration. Sometimes, the Lynchian narration is so unreliable that a logical unraveling of the narration is actually not possible anymore.

But as the little girl only exists in Nash’s imagination, the pigeons aren’t disturbed by anyone and hence remain totally still.Īfter his acute schizophrenic episodes consistently worsened, he is finally diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and the viewer eventually discovers that Nash has been hallucinating some of the main characters all along. For instance, when his imaginary niece runs through a bunch of pigeons in the park, you’d expect them to fly away – like normal birds would act like when being disturbed. Yet, here and there is some obvious evidence of his delusion. This way, it becomes difficult to differ between real events and things that only occur in Nash’s mind. But other than most of the films in this list, A Beautiful Mind does not necessarily fool the audience on purpose most viewers just tend to misinterpret certain cinematic codes at the first viewing.Īs the film switches a lot between objective and subjective perspective in a very floating and subtle way, the viewer often misses out the shift from the neutral perception to Nash’s perception. The biographical drama about the schizophrenic mathematician John Nash is an example of misdirection imposed by an unreliable narrator. Warning: Some of the film descriptions include spoilers, so you may leave out the ones you haven’t seen yet. Thereby, unreliable narration sometimes results in a plot twist which is an abrupt change of perspective that often involves a re-evaluation of the whole film. The most common forms of unreliable narration include a narrator that is either mad, non-trustworthy or limited in his or her viewpoint, a decomposition of the chronological order, multiple storylines and narrative loops or blurred borders between different states of consciousness. Unreliable narration strategies are not only a good opportunity for authors or directors to break with conventional plot patterns, they also encourage the recipient to rethink certain aspects of a book or a film.Īt some times this can become quite puzzling.
